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Sderot (, (:sdeˈʁot), meaning: ''Boulevards)'' is a western Negev city and former development town in the Southern District of Israel. According to the Israel Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), at the end of 2011 the city had a total population of 24,000.〔 The city has been an ongoing target of Qassam rocket attacks from the Gaza Strip since 2001. Sderot is located less than a mile from Gaza (the closest point is 840 m).〔 Rocket attacks on the city have killed , wounded dozens, caused millions of dollars in damage and profoundly disrupted daily life.〔 Studies have found that air raid sirens and explosions have caused severe psychological trauma in some residents.〔 At least 75 percent of children aged 4-18 in Sderot suffer from post-traumatic stress, including sleeping disorders and severe anxiety.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=IRIN Middle East - ISRAEL-OPT: Relentless rocket attacks take psychological toll on children in Sderot - Israel - OPT - Children - Conflict - Health & Nutrition )〕 From mid-June 2007 to mid-February 2008, 771 rockets and 857 mortar bombs were fired at Sderot and the western Negev, an average of three or four each a day.〔 Popular for having numerous Bomb shelters some of which are built in the form of Children's Play areas in school play grounds, Sderot is infamously referred to as The "Bomb Shelter Capital of the World." ==History== Sderot was founded in 1951 on lands that belonged to the Palestinian Arab village of Najd〔 and is located a few miles south of the village's ruins. On 13 May 1948, Najd was occupied by the Negev Brigade as part of Operation Barak, and the villagers were driven out〔 to Gaza. It began as a transit camp called Gabim Dorot for Kurdish and Persian Jewish immigrants, numbering 80 families,〔''Israel Directory,'' Miksam Limited, 2003 p.212.〕 as part of a chain of settlements designed to block infiltration from Gaza.〔Anton La Guardia, ( ''Holy Land, Unholy War: Israelis and Palestinians,'' ) Penguin 2007 p.311〕〔 Permanent housing was completed, three years later, in 1954.〔 From the mid 1950s Moroccan Jews increasingly settled in the township.〔〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Sderot - Jewish Virtual Library )〕 In 1956, Sderot was recognized as a local council.〔 Sderot received a symbolic name, after the numerous avenues and standalone rows of trees planted in the Negev, especially between Beersheba and Gaza, to combat desertification and beautify the arid landscape. Like many other localities in the Negev, Sderot's name has a green motif that symbolizes the motto "making the desert bloom", a central part of Zionist ideology.〔 In the 1961 census, the percentage of North African immigrants, mostly from Morocco, was 87% in the town; another 11% of the residents were immigrants from Kurdistan.〔 In the 1950s, the city continued to absorb a large number of immigrants from Morocco and Romania. It reached local council status in 1958. Sderot absorbed another large wave of immigrants during the Aliyah from the Soviet Union in the 1990s, doubling its population. In 1996, it was declared a city. The population declined as families left the city in desperation. The mayor said that the population had dropped by 10–15%, while aid organizations said the figure was closer to 25%. Many of the families that remained were those who could not afford to move out or are unable to sell their homes.〔 According to a study carried out at Sapir Academic College in 2007, some 75% of the population was suffering from PTSD in the wake of rocket attacks on the city, and 1,000 residents were receiving psychiatric treatment at the community mental health center.〔 In May 2011, the British Ambassador to Israel visited Sderot and met with Mayor David Buskila, who described the suffering of children in both Sderot and Gaza:〔 "Believe me that I feel bad for my children, for the children that live here in Sderot, but I also feel pain for the children that live in the other side of the border in Gaza ... This situation that the children from this place and the other place is because of the behaviour of the leaders of the terror organisations. We can create another quality of life, it is so close." In October 2013, Alon Davidi was elected as Mayor of Sderot. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Sderot」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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